Dab tsi yog DI dejThiab vim li cas nws ho muaj teeb meem hauv kev ua haujlwm?
Siab -}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} agiconductor ntau lawm, xav tau tswj kev tswj ionic ntau. Cov dej deionized, feem ntau yog cov lus sau ua ke, sawv cev rau qhov kev ua kom huv lub zog uas yog cov hom ionic tau tshem tawm los ntawm ionion pauv cov txheej txheem. Tsis zoo li distillation los yog rov qab cov hom phiaj kev them nyiaj, cov zaub mov, cov ntsev, thiab lwm yam kev sib hais haum hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv.
Kev lag luam yuav tsum muaj kev paug - Cov txheej txheem pub dawb rau kev cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj lom neeg, cov khoom siv corrosion, thiab cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo. Kev nkag siab txog cov khoom deionized, cov qauv siv ntau yam, thiab kev txwv ntau pab cov neeg ua haujlwm zam tsis muaj qhov yuam kev hauv kev tsim qauv.
Txhais Di Dej Los ntawm Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Di dej ntawm qib molecular yog dab tsi?
Dab tsi yog DI dejPhau ntawv qhia? Nws yog dej uas muaj undergone ion txauv kev kho kom tshem tawm cov ntsev uas yaj, cov zaub mov, thiab them cov lus. Cov txheej txheem ntiav cov khoom siv hluavtaws muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas nyiam thiab khi ions. Cation Resins sib pauv hydrogen ions (h⁺) rau cov kev raug mob zoo xws li calcium, magnesium, thiab sodium. Anion Resins sib puav hydroxide ions (Oh⁻) rau cov hom kab tsis zoo xws li Chlorides, sulfates, thiab nitrates.
Lub hydrogen thiab hydroxide ions ua ke los ua cov dej ntshiab molecules (h₂o), thaum cov paug tsis huv nyob hauv lub resin matrix. Qhov no txawv ntawm distillation, uas tau tshem tawm cov paug tsis huv, thiab thim osmosis, uas siv membrane pom. Cov tshuaj uas muaj kev phom sij rau cov hom ionic, ua tiav:}}}}}} cm, piv rau cov kais dej tus kheej 10,000-50,000 OHM-CM.
Cov Tshuab Ntau Lawm thiab Cov Qib Purity
DI dej ntau lawm koom nrog ntau qhov kev teeb tsa:
Ib leeg - txaj kab: Kev tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov dej num anion muab cov kev ua haujlwm yooj yim rau kev siv kev kuaj dav dav.
Mixed - txaj lub tshuab: Sib xyaw ua ke thiab anion resins nyob rau hauv ib lub nkoj tiav kev ua tiav siab (15}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} {
Nruam Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob (CEDI): Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Tam Sim No Regenerates Rins Tsis tu ncua, tshem tawm cov tshuaj sib txuas ntxiv thiab tsim cov dej ultrape rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb.
Purity grades range from Type III (resistivity 4-50 kΩ·cm) for glassware rinsing to Type I (>18 Mik cm) rau kev txheeb xyuas kev ntsuas thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tes.
Kev nkag siab pX tus yam ntxwv thiab ntsuas txoj kev sib tw
Yuav ua li cas ntawm DI dejHauv kev coj ua?
Lo lus nug "Dab tsi yog ph of di dej" qhia kev ntsuas kev nyuaj. Mobtoretically, dej tsis huv ntawm 25℃yuav tsum muaj pH ntawm 7.0-txig nruab nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, ntsuas kev ntsuas tsis tshua tau ua tiav tus nqi no vim yog cov pa taws carbon dioxide nqus. Thaum raug rau huab cua, co₂ Dissolves ua kev carbonic acid (h₂co₃), qis dua pH kom tau 5.5 rov qab.
Qhov kev nkag siab no tsim cov kev cov nyom:
- Txheem Ph meters tawm tsam nrog lub zog ionic tsawg, ua rau cov hluav taws xob qhuav thiab nyeem tsis raug
- Cov ntsiab lus tsis huv cov ntsiab lus tsis huv cov qauv thaum lub sijhawm calibration
- Qhov kub hloov kev hloov pauv kev hloov pauv sib npaug
Rau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntev hauv PE txiav txim siab, tshwj xeeb siab {{0} {{- los ntawm cov cells tsis muaj cai tiv thaiv kev sib cuag hauv lub cev. Ntau cov labs ntsuas kev ntsuas (reciprocal ntawm resistivity) hloov, raws li nws muab kev txhim khu kev qha tsis tau cov teeb meem.
Tshuaj Txhuam Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Dej tshiab DI nqus cov paug tsis huv los ntawm ib puag ncig:
Kev Khwv Tswb: 0.5-1.0 mg / l tsis pub dhau 30 feeb hauv cov thawv qhib
Xev: Cov thawv ntim cov organic sib txuas; IAV tso cov mov ci
Bacterial kev loj hlob: Cov as-ham tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov khoom siv microbial
Zoo tsis txaus ceev xwm ceev, xav tau taw tes - ntawm - siv cov ntawv sau tseem ceeb.
Siv cov ntawv thov hla kev lag luam
Dab tsi yog DI dej siv rauHauv kev tsim khoom?
To taub "dej di siv rau" yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv thov - kev xav tau:
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab semiconductor fabrication
Silicon wafer processing requires ultrapure water (resistivity >18 Mp3 cm,<1 ppb particles >0.05 μ5 μm). Ionic paug ua rau:
- Cov kev tsis xws luag hauv Photolithography Qauv
- Corrosion ntawm hlau interconnns
- Degraded rwb thaiv tsev hauv capacitors
Cov chaw nyob recirculate txhiab tus gallons txhua hnub los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv polishing tshuab tswj kev ceev purity.
Kws Tshuaj thiab Biotechnology
Kev tsim yeeb tshuaj, kab lis kev cai ntawm tes, thiab ntsuas kev ntsuas di dej sib tham USP (United States cov kws muag tshuaj) cov qauv. Yuav tsum muaj muaj xws li:
- Endotoxin ntau ntau<0.25 EU/mL
- Tag nrho cov organic carbon<500 ppb
- Cov kab mob suav<100 CFU/mL
Kws Kho Mob Lub Tshuaj - Cov lej kawm UV kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab ntsuas kub kev tswj hwm.
Kev Tshawb Xyuas thiab Tshawb Nrhiav
Kev txheeb xyuas cov ntawv thov chressistry {0 {hplc, icp {{ms, spectrophotometry {}}}}}}} Xav tau cov dej dawb los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau hauv ions. Lw Hlau Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Xav Tau Hlau Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Qab 0.1 PPB, ua tiav tsuas yog nrog Ultrapure Di Dej.
Kev lag luam thiab cov txheej txheem muaj
Roj teeb tsim, Electropating, thiab Boiler Noodwater System Siv Di Dej Tiv Thaiv:
- Nplai txhim kho hauv kev sib pauv cua sov
- Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob hauv cov roj teeb
- Spotting ntawm plated ncig thaum muab tso
Tus nqi -} Cov nyiaj tso tawm cov favors uas feem ntau favors regerration sib xyaw ua ke {} siv tus nqi ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntau.
Kev sib tw ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg siv khoom mob
Resin kev ua tiav thiab cov txheej txheem saib xyuas
Teeb meem: Ion sib pauv resins muaj cov peev txheej finite hauv milliequively yog ib liter. Raws li pub dej hardness, txaus, thiab ntim ua tiav nce, resins soast sai dua, tso cai с ions ions dhau los ntawm kev kho tsis tau.
Kev pom: Kev ua qauv metres muab cov kev soj ntsuam txuas ntxiv. Tam sim ntawd nce los ntawm baseline (feem ntau<1 μS/cm for mixed-bed systems) signal exhaustion. Manual resistivity testing with handheld meters supplements inline monitoring.
Teeb meem: Tsim cov kev tsim cov sij hawm raws li cov dej zoo thiab kev tawm ntawm. Rau sodium kos voj voog softeners pub txi lub neej, saib xyuas kev nyuaj. Saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus siv cov cav cov ntsiab lus suav ua ntej kev sib tsoo.
Tshuaj Kev Sib Kis Los Ntawm Rov Ntxiv
Tsab: Imme rinsing tom qab cov kua qaub - bofe regeneration tawm cov tshuaj uas muaj cov khoom dej. Sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, lossis sulfuric cov khoom lag luam nqa khoom siv cov cuab yeej siv rhiab thiab sim.
Hloov: Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tsis raug, cov khoom siv hauv kev xeb, thiab ua tsis tau cov kev ntsuas zoo.
Lus teb: Siv mult - theem theem yaug tawm tsam nrog kev kuaj xyuas. Yaug kom txog thaum effluent conductivity ntais ntawv pub dej. Rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb, muab pov tseg ua ntej 5 -} 10 lub txaj ntim tom qab. CEDI system tshem tawm qhov kev txhawj xeeb no los ntawm electrochemical kev tsim dua tshiab.
Microbial kev loj hlob thiab biofilm tsim
Cav: Stagnant Di dej hauv kev tso tsheb hlau luam thiab faib cov khoom txhawb nqa txhawb cov kab mob hnyuv hnyuv sab. Cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke haus cov orgotice ntawm cov piping cov ntaub ntawv, ua biofilms uas tso tawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob no.
Tsos mob: Txhawb rau TOC kev nyeem ntawv, cov kab mob suav tshaj li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab cov kev sib raug paug los ntawm biofilm sluuging.
Kev tiv thaiv:
- Continuous recirculation at flow rates >3 ko taw / thib ob tiv thaiv stagnation
- UV SCILISTION (254 NM Wavelength) Thaum 30-40 MJ / CM² inactivates cov kab mob me
- Tswj kub tswj 70-80℃hauv cov dej dej kub
- Kev ua kom huv si nrog ozone, chlorine dioxide, lossis peroxide -} Cov ag based} based based
Kev Cia thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm Cov Qauv Hluav Taws Xob
Teeb meem: Tus qauv tsim qauv kev ua tsis tau zoo tso cai rau cov kev ua paug ntawm cov tshuaj tsis zoo, cov ceg lim dej, thiab ceg tuag txhawb nqa biofilm kev loj hlob.
Nquag yuam kev:
- Oversized tso tsheb hlau luam nce lub sij hawm
- Tuag -} Piping tsis muaj ntws nruam
- Tso tsheb hlau luam tso tsheb hlau luam uas cia kev nqus cov kev nqus
- Cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws nrog cov siab -} purity dej (pvc, tooj dag fittings)
Kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws:
- Qhov loj me tso tsheb hlau luam rau<4 hour residence time
- Kev tsim qauv loop faib nrog tsis muaj ceg tuag
- Siv Inert Khoom: Polypropylene, PVDF, lossis Hlau Stainless (316L Electropolished)
- Nias cov tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov roj inert (nitrogen) tsis suav nrog cov pa taws
Inconententent zoo cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem downstream
Tsab: Sib txawv Di dej ua tau zoo ua rau batch {{0} {{{1} - beconeness, thiab kev soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig.
Cov hauv paus ua rau:
- Pub Dej Zoo Hloov Hloov
- Kev saib xyuas kev hloov kho ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab
- Qhov kub ntau yam cuam tshuam rau kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
- Kev Txij Nkawm Lapses hauv Pre6- Kev Kho Tshuab (Cov Khoom Siv Khoom Ua Si, Cov Pa Carbon Beds)
Cov kev daws teeb meem: Nruabed redundant polishing loops tswj kom zoo ncaj qha txawm tias tseem ua haujlwm sib txawv. Siv cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm kev taug qab kev taug qab conduction, TOC, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb. Cov tsheb ciav hlau tau lees paub cov cim tseg tsis taus thaum ntxov tiv thaiv kom tiav qhov system tsis ua haujlwm.
Tus nqi -} Cov Nyiaj Tau Los Tso Cai thiab Kev Xaiv System
Cov koom haum xaiv DI cov tshuab nyiaj sib npaug:
- Peev peev peev: $ 5,000 {{4 4}} $ 50,000 rau lab-teev cov tshuab; $ 100,000- $ 500,000 rau Kev Lag Luam Nruab
- Cov nqi khiav hauj lwm: Tshuaj Kho Mob, Hluav Taws Xob, Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob, Thiab Ua Haujlwm
- Kev Siv Dej: Cov khoom khib nyiab 5-30% ntawm cov khoom ntim dej
- Cov yuav tsum tau zoo: Txuam cov txheej txheem system muaj peev xwm rau cov txheej txheem tiag tiag
Kev siv hluav taws xob siv cov khoom siv; underspification deadises cov khoom lag luam zoo. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov tshuaj lom neeg cov ntaub ntawv pub muaj cov lus sib xyaw, muaj kev coj ua kom muaj zog, thiab cov lus qhia txhua hnub.
Thaum Di Dej Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm Ua Raws Li Qhov Thov Xav Tau?
Deadyizing tshem tawm cov tsiaj tab sis tsis yog txhua yam paug:
- Organic molecules: Uncharged Organics dhau los ntawm cov resins yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov pa roj ntxiv lossis UV oxidation
- Cov kab mob thiab Engotoxins: I resins tsis sterilize; UV lossis Kev Pom (0.2 μm) hais txog bioburden
- Particulates: Pre {- pom (5-10 μm) tiv thaiv cov ciaj sia; Thaum Kawg Pom Kev (0.1-0.45 μm) tshem tawm cov lus
- Deatolved gases: Co, oxygen, thiab nitrogen nyob tshwj tsis yog ib co dej tsaws tsag
Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb yuav tsum muaj ntau cov thev naus laus zis ua ke nrog kev ua kom ntev dua lub neej
Kev siv rau cov haujlwm txhim khu kev qha
Tau zoo DI cov dej nruab ua ke:
- Tsim nyog pretreatment tiv thaiv ion txauv pauv resins los ntawm fouling
- Tiag -} Kev Tswj Xyuas Lub Sij Hawm Ntes Ntes Ua Ntej Kev Cuam Tshuam Ua Ntej
- Tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsim qauv tiv thaiv kev sib kis thiab biofilm kev loj hlob
- Cov sijhawm txij nkawm kom ua tau zoo sib xws
Nkag siab txog dej deionized yog, nws cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog tau paub txog kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab, kev ntseeg siab, thiab kev ntseeg tau hauv kev lag luam ib puag ncig.